Today we remember 'The Day of Infamy' which plunged this nation into war. Japan, early on Sunday, December 7, 1941, the United States attacked the US Navy. Day of Infamy is a first-person shooter set during the Second World War. In it, you take on the role of one of nine classes of soldier on the battlefields of war-torn Europe. This is a demanding game, and one that requires careful tactical thinking to achieve victory.
The First Typed Draft of Franklin D. Roosevelt's War Address
Background
Early in the afternoon of December 7, 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt and his chief foreign policy aide, Harry Hopkins, were interrupted by a telephone call from Secretary of War Henry Stimson and told that the Japanese had attacked Pearl Harbor. At about 5:00 p.m., following meetings with his military advisers, the President calmly and decisively dictated to his secretary, Grace Tully, a request to Congress for a declaration of war. He had composed the speech in his head after deciding on a brief, uncomplicated appeal to the people of the United States rather than a thorough recitation of Japanese perfidies, as Secretary of State Cordell Hull had urged.
President Roosevelt then revised the typed draft—marking it up, updating military information, and selecting alternative wordings that strengthened the tone of the speech. He made the most significant change in the critical first line, which originally read, 'a date which will live in world history.' Grace Tully then prepared the final reading copy, which Roosevelt subsequently altered in three more places.
On December 8, at 12:30 p.m., Roosevelt addressed a joint session of Congress and the Nation via radio. The Senate responded with a unanimous vote in support of war; only Montana pacifist Jeanette Rankin dissented in the House. At 4:00 p.m. that same afternoon, President Roosevelt signed the declaration of war.
The document featured in this article, the typewritten draft, is housed at the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library in Hyde Park, NY.
The Documents
Annotated Typewritten Copy of What is Commonly Referred to as FDR's'Day of Infamy' Speech
Click to Enlarge
View Pages:1 | 2 | 3
Franklin D. Roosevelt Library
Speeches of President
Franklin D. Roosevelt
1933-1945
President Franklin D. Roosevelt
Signing the Declaration of
War against Japan
December 8, 1941
Click to Enlarge
National Archives and Records Administration
Records of the United States Senate
Record Group 46
Excerpt from the 'Day of Infamy' Radio Address Football manager 2020 in-game editor download.
The First Typed Draft of Franklin D. Roosevelt's War Address
Background
Early in the afternoon of December 7, 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt and his chief foreign policy aide, Harry Hopkins, were interrupted by a telephone call from Secretary of War Henry Stimson and told that the Japanese had attacked Pearl Harbor. At about 5:00 p.m., following meetings with his military advisers, the President calmly and decisively dictated to his secretary, Grace Tully, a request to Congress for a declaration of war. He had composed the speech in his head after deciding on a brief, uncomplicated appeal to the people of the United States rather than a thorough recitation of Japanese perfidies, as Secretary of State Cordell Hull had urged.
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President Roosevelt then revised the typed draft—marking it up, updating military information, and selecting alternative wordings that strengthened the tone of the speech. He made the most significant change in the critical first line, which originally read, 'a date which will live in world history.' Grace Tully then prepared the final reading copy, which Roosevelt subsequently altered in three more places.
On December 8, at 12:30 p.m., Roosevelt addressed a joint session of Congress and the Nation via radio. The Senate responded with a unanimous vote in support of war; only Montana pacifist Jeanette Rankin dissented in the House. At 4:00 p.m. that same afternoon, President Roosevelt signed the declaration of war.
The document featured in this article, the typewritten draft, is housed at the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library in Hyde Park, NY.
The Documents
Annotated Typewritten Copy of What is Commonly Referred to as FDR's'Day of Infamy' Speech
Click to Enlarge
View Pages:1 | 2 | 3
Franklin D. Roosevelt Library
Speeches of President
Franklin D. Roosevelt
1933-1945
President Franklin D. Roosevelt
Signing the Declaration of
War against Japan
December 8, 1941
Click to Enlarge
National Archives and Records Administration
Records of the United States Senate
Record Group 46
Excerpt from the 'Day of Infamy' Radio Address Football manager 2020 in-game editor download.
- AU Format (528K)
- WAV Format, Windows (528K)
- AIFF Format, MacIntosh (528K)
Freeman, Elsie, Wynell Burroughs Schamel and Jean West. 'A Date Which Will Live in Infamy': The First Typed Draft of Franklin D. Roosevelt's War Address.' Social Education 55, 7 (November/December 1991): 467-470.
Each year on Dec. 7, Stephen and Jeanne Keith of Pembroke stand at the State House Plaza and offer informal classes on the Day of Infamy.
For years they've set up an exhibit, a tribute to the 2,400 people killed at Pearl Harbor, using their very own World War II-era vehicles, a jeep and a truck, to bring the olive-green colors of the war to life.
They set up shop again on Monday, giving kids the chance to learn that the Japanese attack on our Pacific Fleet pushed the United States into World War II, and soon we were at war with Germany as well.
Many are startled when they hear that the U.S.S. Arizona – sunk during the surprise attack and forever known as the tragic symbol from this day – continues to release nine quarts of oil per day at the tribute site nearly 80 years later, coating the surface of the blue Hawaiian water with what has fittingly become known as the 'Black Tears.'
'We've seen about 30 people so far here today,' Stephen Keith said on an overcast, windy day. 'There are some veterans and some parents, men and women, and some little kids. The veterans thank us for doing what we do and keeping history alive. We try to honor all of our veterans, whether they fought or not. They're all special to us.'
World of horror updates. As usual, he was supercharged for this year's display, ready to reveal little-known facts from the ambush that changed the course of world history.
For example, he mentioned the Niihau Incident, which occurred in the days after the attack, when a Japanese pilot crashed on the Hawaiian island and received comfort from the residents of Japanese descent, still unaware that war had erupted.
Day Of Infamy Speech
Soon after, Japanese Americans were prejudged, rounded up and held indefinitely.
'It marked the first time a Japanese American on American soil had a chance to choose sides and chose the wrong side,' Keith said. 'That's what caused and was the start of the internment camps.'
Keith also cited the U.S.S. Enterprise, an aircraft carrier that, through sheer luck, hit rough seas after delivering planes to Wake Island, forcing the ship to slow its engines and delaying its arrival to Pearl on the Day of Infamy.
Day Of Infamy Steam Charts
'They were going to make Pearl on (Dec. 6) at night,' Keith said. 'They got in the next afternoon, hours after the attack. The U.S.S. Enterprise would have been sunk, and it was involved in 20 of 22 major battles in the Pacific. If we had lost it, it would have been catastrophic and might have changed World War II dramatically.'
Day Of Infamy Speech Transcript
Keialso analyses the politics and context of the day, saying, 'The more you learn about history, the more you question some things. For instance, they had so many warnings about Pearl Harbor and there were things they could have put together and they did not.'
He's there, along with Jeanne, with stories, known and unknown, each Dec. 7. He loved watching the little boy sit in the driver's seat of his 1942 Ford Army Jeep during his latest presentation.
At home the night before, Keith carefully drove the Jeep up narrow planks and into the back of his 10-wheel 1943 GMC Army troop carrier.
Day Of Infamy Steam
The truck, with its three stick shifts on the floor and a .50-caliber machine gun on top, rolled in around 7:30 Monday morning. Its bullets, six inches long, are strung together in the couple's barn, which is rich in World War II items.
Keith loves the fact that the kid who looks after the couple's chickens was eager to finish the book Keith had given him recently. It told the story of the U.S.S. Enterprise, nicknamed the Big-E.
'Most people are surprised when they hear about it,' Keith said. 'The father sent me a picture of his son sleeping at night trying to read and finish the book. I'll let him digest that one and then he can move on to the next one.'
